Erasmus University Rotterdam is a public research university based in Rotterdam, in the Netherlands, with additional activities in The Hague. It takes its name from Desiderius Erasmus, the Renaissance humanist and scholar closely associated with the city. The university is organised around a relatively compact set of faculties and research institutes, and it is widely recognised for its concentration in economics, business, and health sciences rather than a broad comprehensive spread.

The institution traces its origins to 1913, when it was founded as the Netherlands School of Commerce, one of the country's first dedicated schools of economics and business. It adopted its current name and full university status in 1973, following the merger of its economics school with a medical faculty. As of 2023 it enrolled roughly 34,000 students across undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programmes and employed around 3,200 academic staff, placing it among the larger universities in the Netherlands.

Erasmus University is best known for its strengths in economics, management, and medicine. The Erasmus School of Economics has a long-standing international research reputation, and the Rotterdam School of Management holds triple accreditation (AACSB, AMBA, and EQUIS). Its academic medical centre, Erasmus MC, is one of the largest medical and teaching hospitals in the region and anchors the university's clinical and biomedical research. The university has been associated with two Nobel laureates in Economic Sciences, Jan Tinbergen and Guido Imbens, and it co-hosts the Tinbergen Institute, a graduate research institute in economics. This research-intensive, socially and commercially oriented profile gives it a distinctive identity among Dutch and European institutions.